Morning Glory Flower Anatomy

HOW TO GROW COMMON MORNING GLORY

But first, a little note.

The common name “morning glory” is thrown around to describe various plants in the Convolvulaceae family, a broad group that includes moon flowers (I. alba) and others. The Ipomoea genus has more than 500 species under its umbrella, and these are most often grown as annuals.


This article will be looking specifically at I. purpurea and not the other varieties of morning glories. But don’t worry, faithful readers, we’ll be covering those species in future material!

AN ICON FOR ARTISTS AND WRITERS
The image of the morning glory is represented in famous works of painting and sculpture across the world by Georgia O’Keeffe, Sopheap Pich, Suzuki Kiitsu, and others. It is also a regular reference in poetry, literature, and folklore.

The Chinese have a tale of two lovers who spent all of their time together and spurned their chores until the work piled up around them. They were punished and forced to work, allowed to see each other but once a year. In this story, a morning glory represents this brief period of time for two lovers to spend together.

A blue Ipomoea purpurea flower illuminated by sunlight with a wooden fence behind.
Christian tradition suggests the short life of a morning glory flower represents the finite amount of time we have in the world, and in Victorian times the morning glory stood for a love that never ends… or one that goes unrequited, often decorating headstones.

Man, this flower has some bittersweet themes going on, huh?

A brick wall supports profuse morning glory flowers and vines serving as a green cover over the wall. A sidewalk is below and has plant debris scattered on the walkway.
Don’t worry, Walt Whitman says, “A morning-glory at my window satisfies me more than the metaphysics of books,” and philosopher Alan Watts opines, “The morning glory which blooms for an hour differs not at heart from a giant pine that lives for a thousand years.”

That lightens things up a bit.

MEDICINAL AND RITUAL USE
The morning glory has been used as a laxative in Asian and Mesoamerican countries for centuries, and a tea was sometimes concocted from its roots as a diuretic and expectorant. Tea brewed from the dry leaves has been used by herbal healers to treat headaches, too.

Seeds from the morning glory have been consumed as a hallucinogenic substance because of a compound called LSA (similar to LSD). Mesoamerican indians would imbibe these seeds to enter trances and altered states for ritualistic purposes.

A close-up photograph of a blue morning glory flower with a white and yellow center. Pollen is evident on the stamen.
The seeds are toxic, however, and can cause serious health problems when consumed. They are often also coated with agricultural chemicals. Do not eat them.

GROWING CONDITIONS: A FLOWER THAT CAN TAKE IT ALL
So it’s true that various species of I. purpurea can grow in just about any soil type, and it looks like it thrives in poor soil types. Heck, it seems to flower more often in poor soil than well-drained, loamy soil. So what’s going on?

Pink morning glory flowers and vines crawl over a wooden fence and into a yard serving as groundcover.
Many plants will produce an abundance of flowers not when they’re happy, but when they’re stressed and trying their best to reproduce before they kick the bucket. That morning glory growing on the side of the old iron works isn’t flowering because it’s happy, it’s flowering because it’s struggling to ensure it leaves another generation to pick up where it couldn’t survive.

Because I. purpurea can grow in almost any soil condition, it leads many gardeners to suspect that it doesn’t need to be fertilized. That’s not exactly true; when grown in the right conditions, a morning glory thrives with a monthly fertilizer (as the package directs). Most often a 10-10-10 balance will work, granular or liquid.

ENDLESS LIGHT: I. PURPUREA THRIVES IN FULL SUN
I. purpurea thrives in the sunniest conditions. This adoration of sunshine is what makes morning glory such an ideal plant for trellises, arbors, fences, and walls. It’s often grown in hot and open locations specifically to provide ample shade via its dense growth.

It can also grow up along the side of a building and offers some drastic improvements in your cooling bill, all while providing seemingly non-stop flowers from May through September.

The unopened blooms of a morning glory with twisting vines growing in front of a wooden slat fence. A branch with green leaves hangs from a neighboring tree over the fence.
Unlike ivy and other vines, morning glories do not grow roots for climbing. To encourage these vines to cover the side of a structure, you’ll need a trellis or lattice for them to climb.

On the one hand, you won’t need to worry about morning glories damaging the walls of your structure! But on the other, a support system for the vines is required and will need to be cleaned at the end of each season.

That many twisting, crawling vines can be extremely difficult to entirely clean up year after year, but it sure does look nice when it’s in bloom!

The name “morning glory” references how the flowers of this plant will open fully in the morning sun.

“Glory” is an understatement, when this plant is thriving and the weather is on its side. But those blooms are sensitive, and will begin to wither by the time the hot afternoon sun starts to really beat down.

Two blue morning glory flowers grow on a vine and are supported by a bamboo trellis. Other vines are in the background and grow upon a wooden fence.

ANNUAL OR PERENNIAL?
I. purpurea can tolerate about as much sun as you can throw at it, but it’s most often grown as an aggressively self-seeding annual, to the degree that it seems like it’s a perennial in warm locales. When the flowers take on a crispy brown, brittle texture, the seeds are ready to pop and they get to work establishing themselves for next year.

The meticulous gardener can remove each flower after it blooms to prevent unwanted spread, but a thorough cleanup in the fall followed by attentive weeding in the springtime will keep unwanted plants from sprouting up.

However, if you’ve got an area you want covered without additional planting and effort, this is the plant for you; it will rapidly cover whatever it grows on, whether that’s a flat surface or a vertical one such as a trellis or fence.

A wooden slat fence supporting a large amount of morning glory vines, leaves, and flowers with a beige shed with white trim in the background.
Annual vines can simply be ripped off the fence at the end of the season, but perennials should be allowed to stay in place throughout the winter. In the springtime you can cut back the burnt-off growth and watch it spring back to life again.

I’ve had a few plants that were left to overgrow for a few years too long and these became massive, tangled blankets of vine. A heavier pruning, leaving perhaps thirty or forty percent of the plant material remaining, is the solution for this heavy overgrowth.

This tendency to spread and grow without borders, so much so that it is a known invasive species and illegal to plant in the state of Arizona, can be a problem for some gardeners. If you’re planting some of these babies, make sure the plant doesn’t invade your neighbor’s yard or any wild spaces nearby!

PLANTING TIPS
You can find established plants and plant them right away, but morning glory is such a vigorous grower that sowing some seeds is often enough.

Two morning glory seedlings grow from a plastic pot filled with a growing medium.
Directly sow the seeds to the desired growing area for best results because these seedlings don’t respond well to transplanting, in my experience.

Wait until two weeks after your last frost date; scuff up the seeds with a nail file and soak them in water overnight before sowing.

Lay down a thin layer of soil, half an inch at the most, and keep the area evenly watered and moist; seedlings will typically pop up after a week or two.

A morning glory seedling with two leaves formed sprouts from a growing medium in a plastic container. Adult plants are faded in the background.
Grow on, little seedling, you can do it!

WATERING REQUIREMENTS
Water? We don’t need no stinkin’ water!

Well, maybe a little. But morning glory truly requires no special attention in regards to watering. It usually survives and thrives on whatever rainfall it can get, but it should be watered during periods of drought.

Seedlings will need regular watering and ideally you should never allow the top surface of the soil to become overly dry. But as they mature, the vines need much less water, usually subsisting off of only rain water – unless you live in a hot and dry area like the southwestern United States.

A young, white morning glory flower is growing around a bamboo support and a metal chicken wire fence. Soil and the border of a raised bed are below resting on a stone walkway with a fence in the background.
Less is more with this plant. Too much water encourages leafy growth and no flowers. Once they’re all grown up, these vines tolerate dry conditions. They will flower best when they’re not getting regular watering.

In more arid areas that receive less than an average of one inch of rain per week, you can give the vines a light weekly soaking once a week. One good drink of water per is far better than daily watering for these flowers.

Don’t be alarmed if the leaves start to dry up in the summer heat! These flowers need to be stressed to produce all of those blooms, so a few dessicated and wilted leaves are part of the game here.

PESTS AND DISEASES
Tough as they are, you’ll find a few headaches when growing morning glories.

Yellow leaves of an unhealthy or stressed morning glory growing on a bamboo trellis. A wooden slat fence is behind and covered in shadows.
Like many plant issues, many of the potential ailments for this vine trace back to watering practices.

Morning glories will experience black rot and rust if conditions are too wet, or if air circulation is poor. Luckily you’re not watering your vines too much, right? Pow, problem solved!

If you do encounter issues with fungal problems like black rot or rust, or stem cankers in some scenarios, a copper fungicide like this one from Bonide can help control the problem.


Bonide 811 Copper 4E Fungicide 16oz, available from Amazon

Quite a few bugs and insects will bother your morning glory, but rarely with serious infestations. Keep an eye out for Japanese beetles, spider mites, aphids, and leafminers.

I recommend hand picking these pests and avoiding the use of any chemical control. Too often, chemical applications will impact the health of beneficial insects and pollinators.

If you don’t see these insects, you’ll often find evidence of their presence. Japanese beetles will blindly munch away on your leaves, while aphids will suck the juices from I. purpurea and leave behind a sticky residue. Bad infestations are easily visible and should be quickly dealt with.

Leafminers will literally tunnel through the leaves of your plant and leave behind little silvery tunnels and trails. These aren’t much of an issue and only impact the appearance of the plant.

Spider mites are my most commonly encountered pest with I. purpurea because they thrive in the hot, dry conditions that this flowering vine loves. Besides the tiny webbing they leave behind on plants, something visually akin to a spider web, you’ll find leaves with white dots and dry, yellowing, speckled foliage.


Bonide Products INC 912102 652 Ready-to-Use Insect Soap 1 Quart, available from Amazon

An insecticidal soap works well for spider mite problems (and aphids, for that matter). Try another Bonide product like this one for easy control.

If the leaves are becoming bleached and faded, or turning color from their natural green, and you have no evidence of insect infestation, you might be experiencing sunscald or problems with ozone or air pollution.

A morning glory vine with leaves showing evidence of stress climbs on a wooden slat fence. A bamboo trellis supports the morning glory.
Sunscald will bleach the leaves of your vine and turn them closer to white, with brown edges. The only solution here is to provide a bit of shade from the hottest hours of the afternoon sun.

This problem most often occurs only after the plant has been moved to a new location, or perhaps if you did a little pruning in the area that resulted in new, hotter conditions for your vines. I. purpurea should recover with some shade and care!

A bed of morning glories acting as ground cover. Pink flowers are scattered through the picture and old, yellowed leaves dot the understory.
Ozone can bleach the leaves and turn the foliage a gray color that’s not very appealing, and easily recognized. Try to avoid planting your vines where they’ll get blasted by emissions and exhaust to avoid this happening.

That could mean nearby the road or street, or even in your driveway if your vehicle’s muffler is aimed at the morning glory.

RECOMMENDED VARIETIES
If you’re in search of that classic sky blue flower with the white and yellow center, the heirloom ‘Heavenly Blue’ is what you’re looking for. Packages of 150 seeds are available from Burpee.

'Heavenly Blue' morning glory vine with five flowers and green, heart-shaped leaves.

‘Heavenly Blue’ Seeds

For even more of our favorite varieties, be sure to check out our guide where we dig further into our 15 recommend morning glory cultivars.

GOODNIGHT MOON, GOODNIGHT MORNING GLORY
Looking for that crawling vine that’ll cover a bald space in your yard, or show off plenty of glorious color to attract second and sometimes third looks? You’ve got it right here.

If you want to get down to brass tacks, check out our guide to growing flowering vines. And if you aren’t sure morning glory is for you, consult our other suggestions in our flowering vines growing guide for northern growing zones.

Blue and purple petals of a morning glory in the center of the photograph with vines, leaves, and the edge of another flower in the frame. A wooden slat fence is in the background behind a bamboo trellis.
Plants that thrive in poor soil are my favorites! For upright plants that will compliment your morning glories, consider:

Virginia stock
Balloon flowers
Gaillardia
Is this flower a mainstay of your summertime gardening display? Share your memories of growing this gorgeous plant with us in the comments below.

Thanks for reading, and check back soon for more from Gardener’s Path!

source: https://gardenerspath.com/plants/flowers/grow-morning-glory/